A Classic Beauty: M51, The Whirlpool Galaxy Across the Spectrum
Sig07 024

Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/Wesleyan Univ./R.Kilgard et al; UV: NASA/JPL-Caltech; Optical: NASA/ESA/S. Beckwith & Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA);IR: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ Univ. Arizona/R. Kennicutt

Observation • December 10th, 2007 • sig07-024

sig07-024

M51, whose name comes from being the 51st entry in Charles Messier's catalog, is considered to be one of the classic examples of a spiral galaxy. At a distance of about 30 million light years from Earth, it is also one of the brightest spirals in the night sky. A composite image of M51, also known as the Whirlpool Galaxy, shows the majesty of its structure in a dramatic new way through several of NASA's orbiting observatories. X-ray data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory reveals point-like sources (purple) that are black holes and neutron stars in binary star systems. Chandra also detects a diffuse glow of hot gas that permeates the space between the stars. Optical data from the Hubble Space Telescope (green) and infrared emission from the Spitzer Space Telescope (red) both highlight long lanes in the spiral arms that consist of stars and gas laced with dust. A view of M51 with the GALEX telescope shows hot, young stars that produce lots of ultraviolet energy (blue).

The textbook spiral structure is thought be the result of an interaction M51 is experiencing with its close galactic neighbor, NGC 5195, which is seen just above. Some simulations suggest M51's sharp spiral shape was partially caused when NGC 5195 passed through its main disk about 500 million years ago. This gravitational tug of war may also have triggered an increased level of star formation in M51. The companion galaxy's pull would be inducing extra starbirth by compressing gas, jump-starting the process by which stars form.

About the Object

Name
NGC 5194Whirlpool GalaxyMessier 51
Type
Galaxy > Type > Spiral
Galaxy > Type > Interacting
Galaxy > Component > Spiral Arm
Galaxy > Grouping > Pair
Distance
37,000,000 Light Years
Redshift
0.0020

Color Mapping

Band Wavelength Telescope
Infrared 8.0 µm Spitzer IRAC
Optical 550 nm Hubble ACS
UV 150 nm GALEX FUV
X-ray 1.5 keV Chandra ACIS

Astrometrics

Position (J2000)
RA =3h 8m 51.2s
Dec = 202° 28' 5.0"
Field of View
9.6 x 6.6 arcminutes
Orientation
North is 1.4° right of vertical