Stellar Work of Art
Ssc2008 17a

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/ESO/MPIA

Observation • October 8th, 2008 • ssc2008-17a

ssc2008-17a

This painterly portrait of a star-forming cloud, called NGC 346, is a combination of multiwavelength light from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope (infrared), the European Southern Observatory's New Technology Telescope (visible), and the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton space telescope (X-ray).

The infrared observations highlight cold dust in red, visible data show glowing gas in green, and X-rays show very warm gas in blue. Ordinary stars appear as blue spots with white centers, while young stars enshrouded in dust appear as red spots with white centers.

The colorful picture demonstrates that stars in this region are being created by two different types of triggered star formation -- one involving wind, and the other, radiation. Triggered star formation occurs when massive stars spur new, smaller stars into existence. The first radiation-based mechanism is demonstrated near the center of the cloud. There, radiation from the massive stars is eating away at the surrounding dust cloud, creating shock waves that compress gas and dust into new stars. This compressed material appears as an arc-shaped orange-red filament, while the new stars within this filament are still blanketed with dust and cannot be seen.

The second wind-based mechanism is at play higher up in the cloud. The isolated, pinkish blob of stars at the upper left was triggered by winds from a massive star located to the left of it. This massive star blew up in a supernova explosion 50,000 years ago, but before it died, its winds pushed gas and dust together into new stars. While this massive star cannot be seen in the image, a bubble created when it exploded can be seen near the large, white spot with a blue halo at the upper left (this white spot is actually a collection of three stars).

NGC 346 is the brightest star-forming region in the Small Magellanic Cloud, an irregular dwarf galaxy that orbits our Milky Way galaxy, 210,000 light-years away.

About the Object

Name
NGC 346
Type
Star > Grouping > Cluster
Nebula > Type > Star Formation
Nebula > Appearance > Emission > H II Region
Distance
210,000 Light Years

Color Mapping

Band Wavelength Telescope
X-ray 2066.7 keV XMM EPIC
Optical 859 nm NTT
Infrared 8.0 µm Spitzer IRAC

Astrometrics

Position (J2000)
RA =0h 59m 5.4s
Dec = -72° 10' 22.7"
Field of View
9.3 x 8.7 arcminutes
Orientation
North is 9.3° right of vertical