Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Z. Wang (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA); Visible: M. Rushing/NOAO

Fire Within the Antennae Galaxies

This false-color image from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope reveals hidden populations of newborn stars at the heart of the colliding "Antennae" galaxies. These two galaxies, known individually as NGC 4038 and 4039, are located around 68 million light-years away and have been merging together for about the last 800 million years. The latest Spitzer observations provide a snapshot of the tremendous burst of star formation triggered in the process of this collision, particularly at the site where the two galaxies overlap.

The main image is a false-color composite of infrared data from Spitzer and visible-light data from Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Ariz. Visible light from stars in the galaxies (blue and green) is shown together with infrared light from warm dust clouds heated by newborn stars (red).

The two nuclei, or centers, of the merging galaxies show up as yellow-white areas, one above the other. The brightest clouds of forming stars lie in the overlap region between and left of the nuclei.

The upper right panel shows the Spitzer image by itself. This picture was taken by the infrared array camera and is a combination of infrared light ranging from 3.6 microns (shown in blue) to 8.0 microns (shown in red). The dust emission (red) is by far the strongest feature in this image. Starlight was systematically subtracted from the longer wavelength data (red) to enhance dust features.

The lower right panel shows the true-color, visible-light image by itself. Here, we find a strikingly different view, with the bright star-forming features seen in the Spitzer image buried within dark clouds of dust.

Throughout the sky, astronomers have identified many of these so-called "interacting" galaxies, whose spiral discs have been stretched and distorted by their mutual gravity as they pass close to one another. The distances involved are so large that the interactions evolve on timescales comparable to geologic changes on Earth. Observations of such galaxies, combined with computer models of these collisions, show that the galaxies often become forever bound to one another, eventually merging into a single, spheroidal-shaped galaxy.

In the Spitzer image, wavelengths of 3.6 microns are represented in blue, 4.5 microns in green and 5.8-8.0 microns in red. In the composite image, wavelengths of .44 microns are represented in blue, .70 microns in green and 8.0 microns in red. The Spitzer image was taken on Dec. 24, 2003.

About the Object	Object Name: NGC 4038/4039 - the Antennae Galaxies Object Type: Interacting Galaxies Position (J2000): RA: 12h01m53.11s Dec: -18d52m04.8s Distance: 21 Mpc or 68 million light-years Constellation: Corvus
About the Data	Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Z.Wang (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA) Visible Light Image Credit: Mary Jo Rushing and Jim Lawler/Adam Block/NOAO/AURA/NSF Instrument: IRAC Wavelength: Spitzer Image: 3.6 (blue), 4.5 (green), 5.8-8.0 (red) microns; Composite Image: 0.44 (blue), 0.70 (green), 8.0 (red) microns Exposure Date: 24 December 2003 Exposure Time: 160 sec Image Scale: 4.3 arcmin x 4.3 arcmin Orientation: North is 5.5 deg clockwise from up. Release Date: 9/7/04
Observers	Zhong Wang - Principal Investigator (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) M Ashby (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) G Fazio (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) W Forrest (University of Rochester) J Huang (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) M Pahre (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) Judith Pipher (University of Rochester) H Smith (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) Jason Surace (Spitzer Science Center) S Willner (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)

Individual Images

	Composite view. Screen-Resolution (450x450): JPEG High-Resolution (1125x1125): JPEG | Mac TIFF | PC TIFF Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Z. Wang (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA)
	IRAC view. Screen-Resolution (450x450): JPEG High-Resolution (1125x1125): JPEG | Mac TIFF | PC TIFF Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Z. Wang (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA)
	Visible-light view. Screen-Resolution (450x450): JPEG High-Resolution (1125x1125): JPEG | Mac TIFF | PC TIFF Credit: M. Rushing/NOAO

The Spitzer Space Telescope is a NASA mission managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This website is maintained by the Spitzer Science Center, located on the campus of the California Institute of Technology and part of NASA's Infrared Processing and Analysis Center.